Proceedings of the International Conference on Social Sciences
ISSN 2357-268X (Online) The Proceedings of International Conference on Social Sciences includes papers written in the areas of Social Issues, Cross Cultural Studies, Globalization, Development Studies, Psychology and philosophy, Demographic Studies and many more. Learn more about ICOSS Conference. https://thesocialstudies.co/
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LEVEL OF ICT READINESS AMONG FACULTY MEMBERS OF LOCAL CITY COLLEGE: BASIS FOR AN INTERVENTION PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT
The teachers’ Information and Communications Technology (ICT) knowledge and skills help them to be more efficient in performing their tasks, ensure effective learniung to students, and adhere to ICT advancements and competency. The study aimed to determine the level of ICT readiness of the 18 faculty members of the Local City College during the school year 2021-2022 based on profile: age, number of ICT training hours attended, length of service, and sex. A modified survey questionnaire was used to measure ICT readiness in terms of ICT knowledge (through Self-Administered Questionnaire) and ICT skills (through skills demonstration), which were derived from the National ICT Competency Standard of the Commission on Information and Communications Technology and the Computer Literacy Questionnaire. It made use of descriptive-quantitative and qualitative designs. The findings revealed that the faculty were knowledgeable and skilled in basic ICT. The common themes derived from the resulting discrepancy between ICT knowledge and ICT skills were wrong perceptions or assumptions, confusion on the unfamiliar/technical words/terms, and low confidence level which was associated with the random response bias. It was concluded that teachers were skilled and knowledgeable equally or similarly ready in ICT, whether they were clustered according to sex, age groups, number of ICT training hours attended, and length of service in using common computer applications in the basic skills set, namely: Word Processing, Presentation, ICT Basics, Internet Skills, Computer ethics, security, and spreadsheets. Furthermore, the study recommended an intervention program to be conducted among faculty members of the local city college to prepare teachers to be highly knowledgeable and skilled in ICT.
Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
teachers’ Information and Communications Technology (ICT) knowledge and skills
Copyright (c) 2024 Maricor Marquez http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
GROWING UP SAFE: INSIGHTS FROM MALAYSIAN ROAD SAFETY EDUCATION PROGRAM ON IMPROVING ROAD SAFETY BEHAVIOURS
Globally, deaths caused by road traffic injuries show an estimated a million deaths each year (WHO, 2018). Appallingly, road traffic injury is identified as the number one cause of death for children and young adults. Children are more vulnerable due to their physical fragility. Road safety education (RSE) is one of the integrative approaches that is chosen to intervene with the issue. RSE is any program or measure that focuses on promoting the knowledge of traffic rules and situations and the improvement of skills through training and experience. Malaysia implemented RSE at schools with the same aim. The present study aims to empirically analyse the association between the level of usage of the RSE module and the knowledge gained on road safety on the self-reported behaviour of students after a newly revamped RSE module was introduced in 2019. The students were selected by choosing sample schools from districts with the highest number of deaths among children aged seven to nine years old. It is hypothesised that the level of usage and the level of knowledge of these children is associated with their positive self-reported road safety behaviours. A multi-linear regression analysis showed that the model failed to predict self-reported behaviour as the model only explained 3.6% of the variance. Nevertheless, it was found that the usage level of RSE module significantly predicted the level of self-reported behaviour (B=0.191, p=0.000) but the level of knowledge failed to predict the self-reported behaviour (B=0.115, p=0.228). The results showed that the level of knowledge did not translate into behaviour. Continuous empirical study is essential to be conducted to ensure the program is guided by science to ensure the most effective implementation.
Copyright (c) 2024 Roziana Shahril, AMELIA HAZREENA ABDUL GHANI, Noralya Hanani NORKHAIRI, NOORUL ASYIQQIN ELIAS, NOORITA CHE HARUNA RASHID http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LITERATURE REVIEW ANALYSIS OF ACADEMIC DISHONESTY IN ONLINE EXAMINATIONS DUE TO TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT: THE CASE OF DOWNLOADING AND HACKING OF ANSWERS.
Online teaching and learning are an appropriate alternative for sustained continuity, in case of interrupted learning by pandemics or crises. It has been faced with multiple challenges of dishonesty that has intensified due to technological advancement and the smartness of youth in technology. The focus of this paper is on the literature review analysis on the case of downloading and hacking of the exams that has become a norm with online examination administration. The objective of the paper is to investigate the incidence of downloading of answers with online invigilation measures available. It also seeks to confirm whether exams are hacked into prior to the examination hour and with what effects on the overall class performance. Literature review analysis through desktop research was conducted by examining cross cutting publications on the topic. Special focus evolved around studies that were done from the pandemic in the year 2020 to date, when the unpreparedness for instructors was high and the tension with the learners so critical. Qualitative research was used in the study. It is assumed remotely that as the adjustment took place and instructors were equipped, things may have improved for the better. With standardized agreed upon technological interventions, instructors can help reduce the incidences of online academic dishonesty in examinations. Recommendations have been made to educate online instructors on the keenness required to achieve integrity in exam participation by learners who will in turn apply the same in life.
DISHONESTY IN ONLINE EXAMINATIONS DUE TO TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT
Copyright (c) 2024 Agnes Korir , Mabel Odima http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
GARMENT SECTOR OF BANGLADESH: VULNERABILITIES OF FEMALE WORKERS
The Readymade Garment (RMG) industry, contributing to 83% of Bangladesh's total export earnings, is a critical economic pillar. The sector offers employment opportunities for women who come from low-income backgrounds, making up about 80% of its workforce. Though the RMG industry brings noticeable socioeconomic changes for these women, their plight underscores the high cost of these gains. Female workers in this industry face numerous challenges, such as inadequate wages, unsafe working conditions, and gender-based discrimination, that adversely impact their physical and mental health. Using a qualitative research approach, this paper explores these vulnerabilities. The author visited three garment factories in Ashulia, Dhaka, observed the factories' working environments, and conducted group discussions and one-on-one interactions with 17 female workers. Moreover, a comprehensive review of secondary sources, such as recent literature, blog articles, and news reports, supplemented primary data collection. The author employed a thematic analysis of the gathered data and literature review, which reveals an industry marked by persistent job insecurities, inadequate transportation facilities, health hazards, and societal stigmas that predominantly affect female workers. The findings underline widespread workplace vulnerabilities, including physical and verbal abuse, hazardous working conditions, and gender-specific discrimination, with pregnancy-related discrimination being particularly noteworthy. The paper concludes with recommendations to mitigate these issues, emphasizing the shared responsibility of various stakeholders, including the Bangladesh government, the RMG sector, the International Labour Organization (ILO), and global clothing and fashion brands. The proposed recommendations comprise updating work standards, improving worker privileges such as increasing wages and transport facilities, ensuring building safety, and offering skill development opportunities. Implementing these measures can improve workers' facilities, augment productivity, and ensure sustainability in the success of Bangladesh's garment sector.
Copyright (c) 2024 Prianka Datta http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EXPLORING THE LIVED EXPERIENCES OF SOCIAL WORKERS DEALING WITH DEAF CLIENTS
: Social Workers deal with diverse client including deaf individuals. However, dealing with deaf clients can be challenging, especially for new social workers without much experience with this type of client. The study was conducted to explore the lived experiences of social workers in dealing with deaf clients. It involved four social workers with experience dealing with deaf clients for at least 3 years and working in Cagayan de Oro City. This study employed Creswell's Simplified Version of Moustaka’s adaptation of the Stevick-Colaizzi-Keen Method of Phenomenological Analysis. The data analysis procedure involved bracketing of experience, horizontalizing the data, clustering of meanings, writing a textural description and structural description of the experiences of the participants, and writing the essence of collective experience. Four themes emerged in the study namely; Walking through client behavior; Dealing with client management issues; Employing client-centered strategies; and Providing meaningful services. These identified themes emphasize the complex nature of interactions between social workers and deaf clients. It shows how social workers wok hard to understand and connect with the deaf clients, revealing a potential gap in education and information on effectively addressing this unique client group. The study highlights critical need for specialized training, ongoing professional development, and a deepened cultural competence among social workers engaging with the deaf community. The insights gained from this study pave the way for the enhancement of social work curricula, training programs, and support structures, ensuring that future practitioners are equipped with the skills, insights, and sensitivity required to forge meaningful connections and provide effective, client-centered services.
LIVED EXPERIENCES OF SOCIAL WORKERS DEALING WITH DEAF CLIENTS
Copyright (c) 2024 Marie Rose Berjame http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A PSYCHOLOGYCAL STUDY OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHILD HARASSMENT AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN TEENAGERS
Child harassment is a severe problem affecting many children in Sri Lankan society. Child abuse can have a significant Impact on the mental and emotional health of the victim, with depression being one of the most common side effects. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of child harassment on depression and to identify the factors associated with depression among victims of child harassment between January 2023 and June 2023 a total of 80 patients attend Kalutara District Hospital psychiatric clinic a depressive symptoms were exhibited between the age of 14 – 18 years 22 children were used as the research sample exploratory findings on child abuse and depression were possible in those who reported child abuse, despite medical literature served as their primary source. Result indicated that the prevalence of depression was significantly higher among individuals who reported experience in child harassment compared to those who also reported harassment severity and frequency as factors the importance of depression in the victims. The study also found that social support played a protective role in reducing the negative impact of child harassment on depression. The findings of this study provide important insight into the long - term effects of child harassment on mental health and highlight the need for early victim identification and intervention emphasize. The study also highlights the importance of social support in preventing and reducing the negative impact of child harassment on mental health.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHILD HARASSMENT AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS
Copyright (c) 2024 T.M. Poorni Bhagya http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ISSUES FACED BY THE AGING LESBIAN AND GAY COMMUNITY IN SRI LANKA
Homosexuals (lesbians and gays) are an important social sex group that garners national and international attention from a range of perspectives. The main purpose of this study is to examine the issues confronting Sri Lanka's aging lesbian and gay community. The study was based on a qualitative research design, and the snowball sampling method was used to identify respondents as older lesbians and gays, as they are one of the hidden groups in society. The qualitative sample consisted of 20 persons, including two lesbians (02) and eighteen (18) gay persons who were aged 60 years and over. The data were analyzed using thematic and content analysis. It is a notable characteristic that these respondents form friends far from their family, siblings, and parents. These friendships are between 3–4 people. As they are unmarried, they have lived alone because of separation from their parents, a lack of marriage, and a lack of children. They have become excluded from society because they have been marginalized, neglected, and hampered by it. It has been confirmed that 16 respondents suffer from financial shortages in old age because they do not save money or invest. In addition, lesbians are experiencing financial pressure due to lower incomes than gay men. Most respondents were found to have illnesses such as high cholesterol and diabetes. They know about sexually transmitted diseases, but a large proportion of them don't know how to prevent them. Another point raised is that healthcare providers suffer from discrimination when accessing health services. Lack of financial resources, lack of health insurance, economic insecurity, and discrimination are facing challenges in care, while 18 respondents identified a significant need for institutionalized care. According to the conclusions reached through the analysis, due to the social, economic, health, and care problems faced by this lesbian and gay elderly community, focus on institutional care and implement programs to educate the general public, health care professionals, and employees of public and private institutions about them and HIV prevention. And it is timely that this community is participating effectively in counseling programs.
Copyright (c) 2024 H.P.S. Dilshani http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EFFECT OF JOB STRESS ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS OF THE OPEN UNIVERSITY OF SRI LANKA
Job stress is the harmful physical and emotional responses that occur when the requirements of the job do not match the capabilities, resources, or needs of the worker. Compared to other universities, the Open University has most students who are engaged in various professional careers. In the context of Open and Distant Learning (ODL), Open university students has become a problem to manage their work stress balance while studying. The purpose of this research is to sociologically study the effect of job stress on the academic performance of the university among undergraduate students at the Open University of Sri Lanka. This study further aims to present the causes of job stress as well as the measures to be taken to control and prevent it. This study is quantitative research and used a questionnaire to collect data. In identifying the sample selected for the research on the effect of job stress on the academic performance of the university among undergraduate students of the Open University of Sri Lanka, the Department of Social Studies was selected for the sample among the departments of the Open University of Sri Lanka. This study was conducted through a non-random sample as a judgmental sample of 40 employed students from the B.A. in Social Sciences degree program’s student population. Using employed students for this study, Participants who reported experiencing higher levels of job stress had lower grades and academic achievement compared to those who reported lower levels of job stress. Most of the participants reported experiencing moderate to high levels of job stress, which was found to be negatively impacted by factors such as workload, job demands, and work-life balance. Here, some suggestions for the control and prevention of job stress were presented through this study. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the negative impact of job stress on academic performance.
Copyright (c) 2024 D.P. Gayan Madhusanka Wijesooriya http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FIELD OFFICERS' ADAPTATION TO LABOUR ADMINISTRATION ELECTRONIC CASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN SRI LANKA
Adapting an information system by its intended users is compulsory for the success of that information system. This study focuses on the Labour administration, one of the most critical public functions in any country that secures enforcing the legal provisions relating to work conditions and workers' protection. Labour Administration Electronic Case Management System (LAECMS) is an information system that facilitates labour administration. LAECMS helps and aids field officers in their routine inspection activities. Although, the problem is that field officers' adaptation level is considerably low towards LAECMS in Sri Lanka. That is the motivation behind this systematic review to find associations between the most widely affected characteristics and adaptation. Most of the currently published literature only discusses system-side adaptation. This study bridges the gap by prioritizing user-side adaptation and considering the relevant characteristics. This study relied on a sample of 220 field officers of the Department of Labour (DoL) Sri Lanka. This research investigates the associations between seven primary factors extracted through the reviewed relevant literature and adaptation by using mainly non-parametric tests. The findings of the analysis revealed that digital competency, senior management support, legal framework, user training, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use associated with field officers’ adaptation to LAECMS. Among the investigated determinants, user training and perceived usefulness appear to have the most significant association with adaptation. Among them, the impact was strongest in perceived usefulness. Nevertheless, the field officers’ age, gender, and work experience did not associate with their adaptation to LAECMS. The findings of this study would be helpful for the labour law enforcing institutes in any country to understand the successful adaptation to LAECMS has its advantages for the organization as well as for the field officers.
Copyright (c) 2024 TANALI DILUSHIKA SAMARASINGHE, Ginige TNDS, Abeygunawardana RAB http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EFFECT OF GREEN RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION PRACTICES ON EMPLOYEE WORK PERFORMANCE: A CASE STUDY OF UNI4ONLINE WESTVILLE DURBAN SOUTH AFRICA
Green management initiatives are now a significant factor in forward-thinking tertiary educational institutions around the world and Africa as a way of tackling environmental degradation. Industrialisation has contributed to the global environmental problems facing organisations in terms of sustainability therefore green human resource management activities such as green recruitment and selection have become relevant in the mitigation of climate change actions in the tertiary education industry. While the standing of green recruitment and selection in environmental workforce management has been extensively recognised, there are limited studies on the effect of green recruitment and selection on employee work performance, therefore this study evaluates the effect of green recruitment and selection on employee work performance at Uni4online Westville Durban, Republic of South Africa. The following are the objectives (1) determine employee environmental awareness, and (2) establish the influence of green recruitment and selection on employee work performance The study followed a quantitative research approach and a questionnaire with (15) Likert 5.0 questions was used to collect data from (n=100) employees of the specific Uni4online, Westville Durban South Africa. With a confidence level of 95% and a population size of 142 employees, a margin of error fixed at 5% a qualtric sample size calculator was used to determine the sample for the study. Data were analysed with a descriptive statistical method using SPSS version 26. For sampling purposes, the simple random positivist sampling method was used. The results of the survey confirmed that green recruitment and selection have a positive impact on employee job performance, especially concerning environmental awareness and social-ecological awareness. The study recommends that Uni4online, Durban Republic of South Africa should prioritize green recruitment and selection practices that, when well-planned and applied green recruitment and selection improve employee environmental awareness and behaviour and contribute to enticing more competent job candidates. The study equally revealed a direct correlation between green recruitment and selection and employee work performance, especially within the tertiary education industry.
green recruitment and selection, environmental awareness, employee workforce management, and green management
Copyright (c) 2023 Bangura S http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
IMPACT OF STREET-HAWKING ON THE EDUCATION OF YOUNG GIRLS IN THE SOGAKOFE COMMUNITY, VOLTA REGION, GHANA
In developing countries, street hawking, or the direct sale of retail goods on congested city streets, is a widespread occurrence. The majority of African cities, towns, and district capitals are particularly hard hit. The goal of this study was to investigate how street hawking affects the education of young female hawkers in Ghana's Volta region. The study used a descriptive research approach and selective sampling to pick 60 respondents from a population of 17,335 adolescent schoolgirls hawking along the main roadway. Findings revealed that schoolgirls in the age groups 16-20 and 21-25 dominated the street hawking trade. The predisposing factors identified include the need to pay their school fees, provide for their basic needs, assist their parent in providing for the home, and parental irresponsibility. In addition, the study found that many female street hawkers are not able to attend school regularly as a result of their hawking activities on the street, which affects school attendance and culminates in poor academic performance. Most of them become school dropouts. The study recommended that the government continue to educate parents about the negative effects of involving their children in street hawking and the importance of education, as well as that the government creates more employment opportunities so that citizens can provide for their families needs, such as paying for their children's education. Furthermore, affirmative action should be taken against the practice in order to protect the future of these young girls.
street-hawking, young-females, education, school-performance
Copyright (c) 2023 Senna R http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
MENTAL HEALTH ORIENTATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL CHALLENGES, PERSONALITY TRAITS, AND COPING STRATEGIES AMONG NURSES IN THE NEW NORMAL
This study developed a causal model of the nurses' mental health orientation, psychological challenges, personality traits, and coping strategies in the new normal. The descriptive-correlational and causal-comparative research designs were employed using a modified researcher-made survey instrument with content validity and reliability established. It was conducted in the province of Bukidnon. Data collection using the questionnaires was tabulated, examined, and interpreted. The findings indicated that PWBI and DASS21 were insignificant; however, personality traits neuroticism that co-varies with openness to experience: conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness, measured high significance in predicting coping strategies among nurses during the new normal. Causal models 1,2, and 3 found variables of personality trait significant; however, model 4 best fits the coping mechanisms of nurses in the new normal because all of the indices match the criteria of the model, validating that Model 4 is a good fit. The conclusion suggests the need for profound awareness of mental health, psychological perception, personal character development, and coping strategies enhancement among nurses to become practical, efficient, resilient, and productive in their respective institutions and the community
openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism
Copyright (c) 2023 Damasco JALA http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
WOMEN TAKING UP SPACE: A CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS OF THE GENDER-DIGITAL DIVIDE IN SOUTH AFRICA
The world has become progressively digital and visibility into the digital gender gap is becoming crucial. Each year, data demonstrates a persistent gender divide in access to information and resources that promote economic and social mobility. According to a study by Women in Digital Transformation, the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the gender digital divide. Sub-Saharan Africa appears to be following the continental trend of low digital connectedness among women with approximately 300 million unconnected women living in the region. In South Africa, the gender gap in digital technology access, use, and adoption remains persistent. Ultimately, gaps in digital skills, employment, and entrepreneurship in Information Communication Technology and other sectors result from this inequality in access. Utilizing a conceptual research design, this paper primarily sought to ascertain the gender discrepancies that still exist regarding access to digital resources and knowledge, despite women empowerment being one of the key sustainable development goals for 2030. A theoretical framework encompassing the theory of the digital divide, within the greater communication theory was used to interrogate the identified phenomena in this study. The paper further offered a conceptual framework, identified by the authors as being the best practices for bridging the gaps on the subject. A further empirical enquiry is recommended to support the conceptual insights inferred in this study.
Copyright (c) 2023 Zitsile Khumalo, Musawenkosi Saurombe http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Community Based Organization (CBO) in Community Transformation: The Case of Lukenya Pillars of Transformation (LPT), Machakos County, Kenya
Transformation is a major post COVID 19 issue of focus for Lukenya Pillars of Transformation (LPT), a student engineered Community Based Organization (CBO). The objective of this research is to enhance visibility of the CBO through highlighting and analyzing results by two interns attached to complete their post COVID 19 response on mental health issues and impact among adolescents between the ages of 11-15 years. It is expected that the research would bring visibility for the CBO to attract funding for projects. The research utilized a descriptive research design approach. Quantitative and qualitative methods were employed through the use of questionnaires and key informants. A sample size of 130 pupils filled out questionnaires and 20 key informants were interviewed on the relevant discussions that were ongoing. The pupils were selected using a census sampling method while the key informants were through purposive sampling. The quantitative data was coded and analyzed using SPSS, version 23. Qualitative data was coded and put into themes and concepts that the respondents shared, and analyzed in line with respective research objectives. From the findings, it was observed that COVID 19 lockdown affected the age group 11-15 years adversely yet mortality and morbidity were low. In the same light, some respondents did not have a clear knowledge of COVID 19. Although all pupils were affected emotionally and economically, where there was social support adaptation was positive. As a result of the findings, trainings were implemented for pupils, parents, teachers, social workers, and guardians. Funding was sought to support LPT. The study will contribute positively to applied knowledge in the area of development in Machakos County.
Copyright (c) 2023 Agnes Korir, Mabel Odima http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
12 YEARS OF INFORMATION LITERACY RESEARCH IN HIGHER EDUCATION OF ASIA COUNTRIES THROUGH BIBLIOMETRIC AND CONTENT ANALYSIS
Over the past decade, many new words besides "Information literacy" in higher education have been defined. This results from innovations or new technologies that change lifestyles, known as Digital/Technology disruption. Information literacy research may be replaced by new literacies. To examine the situation and trends of information literacy research in higher education, the researcher collected information literacy research articles in higher education in Asia countries for the period 2010 – 2021 which indexed the Web of Science’s SSCI (Social Sciences Citation Index) database with keywords related to “information literacy in higher education” (ILHE) and conducted the analysis using bibliographic mapping and content analysis. To identify characteristics (research journals, sample group, research methods, research domains), various distributions (the most cited articles, most popular keywords, the most cited journals (citation and co-citation), the most-cited authors (citation and co-citation)), and the most used keywords in the articles related to the use of information literacy in higher education for the period 2010 – 2021. The results found that there is persisting on information literacy in higher education. It is not replaced by new skills or new literacies. But there is some overlap between other cognitive skills. However, terms such as digital literacy, media literacy, and multiliteracy have emerged over the 12 years of research studies. Additionally, The Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education (FILHE) is also the primary standard framework used to refer to as a framework for teaching and learning information literacy in higher education.
information literacy, higher education, bibliometrics, content analysis, highly cited papers
Copyright (c) 2023 nalatpa hunsapun, Chao-Chen Chen, Ning-Chiao Wang, Yun-Fang Tu, Yun-Fang Tu, Hsin Ju Lin http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
STUDENTS’ LEARNING OUTCOMES IN A DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH IN GRADE 8 SCIENCE
The study investigated the students’ learning outcomes through differentiated instructional approach in grade 8 science in Valencia National High School, Valencia City, Bukidnon. Specifically, the study aimed to: determine the level of students’ academic performance; ascertain the attitudes of students; find out the significant difference between students’ academic performance; and find out the significant difference between students’ attitudes as exposed to non-differentiated instructional approach and differentiated instructional approach. Quasi-experimental research design was used to determine the students’ learning outcomes in the two sections of Grade 8 science. The instruments made use of academic and non-academic assessment. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to determine any significant difference on students’ academic performance.The use of differentiated instructions namely: content, process and product had exhibited an increase on students’ academic performance in science. These results had provided a gratifying experience among students such that they performed better and gained high scores on their tests. With differentiated instruction, the students fostered positive attitude toward the importance of science, the learning of science outside of school, the learning of science in school, practical work in science, future participation in science and self-concept in science as indicators on which students showed more intensively and demonstrated favorable attitudes toward the subject. The students’ academic performance between two groups indicated high significant difference; thus, students’ engagements for learning through differentiated instruction were found to perform better than in non-differentiated instruction. Analysis on students’ attitudes toward science showed no significant difference between groups.
academic performance, content,differentiated instruction, process, product and student’s attitude.
Copyright (c) 2023 Karen Jean Rizalda http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE GROWTH OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES THROUGH PUBLIC EQUITY IN SOUTH AFRICA
The study establishes whether public equity finance leads to the growth of an SME. SMEs often lack the capital required for growth. The Johannesburg Stock Exchange established AltX specifically for SMEs to participate in equity markets, enabling them to raise growth capital. However, some firms that listed on the AltX migrated to the Mainboard while some delisted, suggesting that listing may have a positive or a negative impact on the growth of an SME. To understand various sources of finance and how these impact on the growth of firms, the Pecking Order Theory of Capital Structure was adopted as a framework. Total population sampling was used where 81 currently and migrated AltX listed firms were approached for interviews. Data was collected through in-depth interviews from the eleven firms that responded. These firms span a range of different sectors, with an average annual turnover of R200-R500 million. Data was qualitatively analysed with ATLASti and then empirically using fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA), to determine the relationship between listing and growth. The study found that public equity led to the growth of SMEs. However, there are tangible and intangible attributes of listing that result in the growth of a firm, namely, raising capital (public equity) and credibility. The credibility associated with being listed led to the growth of more SMEs, than raising capital. The study recommends a significant increase in the marketing efforts of the AltX to attract more SMEs to list and better support structures to assist with the growth of listed SMEs. There are limited studies on this form of SME financing and this study contributes to the pool of literature on the subject.
Copyright (c) 2023 Lebogang Mosupye-Semenya http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Discrimination and Prejudice: Witch-Hunting during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Historically, witch-hunting is a form of gender-based violence targeting mostly women and driven by societal prejudices. Metaphorically, during the COVID-19 pandemic witch-hunting has come to connote targeted discrimination and violence driven by social prejudices about the disease. People from different groups, communities, and occupations have been the targets of the latter. Simultaneously, although not as frequently, the same people have been the target of hero-welcoming for their role in fighting the spread and consequences of the disease. These incidents seem to confirm that in times of crisis and great uncertainty, people may behave in contradictory ways. They may look for scapegoats to vent their frustrations, worries, and fears based on their prejudices. They may also make heroes of those that provide calm, care, and courage based on their benevolent prejudices. The two opposing dynamics must be managed to minimize their ill-effects and maximize their good effects. The paper presents an ontological framework to understand the antecedents and consequences of the acts, and to manage them effectively. The study aims to propose a way forward to address the issue with the help of the ontological review of the relevant secondary literature.
Discrimination and Prejudice During Covid-19
Copyright (c) 2022 Devina Neogi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Examining Urban Dwellers’ Perception of BuilEnvironmental Issues as Framework to Build Collective Consciousness in Indian Cities
The increase in urban population by 1% every year, especially along the fringes of cities has put pressure on the built and unbuilt environment in India. A study estimates 6,95,000 premature deaths in 2010 due to continued exposure to outdoor particulate matter and ozone pollution in Delhi, increasing pressure on governing bodies to provide ‘green’ solutions to address the poisonous air. The choice of where to live in cities is limited and the homogeneity of the built spaces dissolves practice of innovative options. A discussion on an active participation in knowing the built environment is increasing. Under the UNESCO Agenda 21, an active local participation in knowing the built environment is encouraged. A lack of awareness infiltrates the realms of the urban society who have very less ‘say’ to the decision making of these built spaces. What ensues is the repetition of an unsustainable design language. However, their choices are in turn influenced by design choices made by the urban dwelling public in cities. The paper explores which aspects of the built environment is understood by an urban dweller by means of a public survey. The gap in perception of built environment issues based on literature is identified and a critical need for knowledge dissemination is recognized. Various techniques that would facilitate an effective learning among the public is explored and the recognition of a platform that allows the same is found to be imperative in Indian cities.
The effect of digital technology in promoting democracy: A Case Study of Hong Kong Alliance
Abstract: Since June 4, 2019, the 30th anniversary of the June Fourth massacre, mass protests have erupted across Hong Kong and continued today. This paper chooses a representative activism organization namely Hong Kong Alliance (Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China) and takes it as a lens to analyse and estimate the role and effect of digital technologies in influencing the political campaign in the digital age. Specifically, this paper employs the connective and collective action theory to analyse the organisation structure and the operation mode of Hong Kong Alliance, and focus on the digital storytelling strategy that Hong Kong Alliance employed. Furthermore, this paper also discusses the criteria for assessing digital movement purposed by Yana Breindl and find that the static evaluation criterion is not appropriate in the current digital space. On the contrary, a dynamic appraisal method which does not only assess the result but also consider the value of the process is in need.
Recruitment And Selection of Head Department (In West Java Province's Government of Indonesia)
This article reviews research on Recruitment and Selection of the Head of Department (in West Java Province's Government of Indonesia). This article shows the topic related to recruitment and selection of heads of departments in the staffing of the regional government of West Java Province. Indonesian Government Management of State Civil Service explains that the State Civil Service (ASN) policies and management are based on qualifications, competencies, and performance are fair and reasonable regardless of political background, race, colour, origin, gender, marital status, age or disability condition. The policy of filling in the High Leadership Position (JPT) through open selection has been widely implemented, to obtain state civil apparatus that have good qualifications, competencies and performance as a condition for occupying certain positions. This research uses taken mixed methodology instead of and takes the theory of merit systems and Government Regulation Management of Civil Servants. Opportunities for Civil Servants women to participate in the selection of Structural Position, where these terms are the recruitment of a merit system, which provides opportunities to candidates from internal and external organizations, organizational goals for getting competent employees can be implemented. Recruitment and Selection of the Head Department. The results showed that the recruitment was well carried out and made several changes in a positive direction including elected officials, minimizing the direct engagement made by regional heads, and concluded with this recruitment and selection research can be continued in the future. although slow and sometimes complicated, the general method used is open selection is meritocratic.
A Critical Analysis of Non-Communicable Diseases Community-Based Prevention Model
National Institute of Health Research and Development of Indonesia had implemented Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD’s) community-based prevention model in 2015. The objective of this model is to control NCD’s such as hypertension, stroke, diabetes, coronary heart by community empowerment. This paper aims to analyze the design of the model critically based on the result of the implementation in Benda village, Sukabumi Regency. Qualitative research had been conducted to asses the successes and challenges of NCD’s prevention model in Benda Village, Sukabumi Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia, in 2017. An in-depth interview had used as the main methods to gain data. For the result of this study, NCD’s community-based prevention model enabled healthy lifestyle behavior change only on an individual level, not in society level. NCD’s model hadn't noticed about the influence of social context on behavior change. As a result, the behavior changes that occur were temporary and not sustained. Agents of change also have difficulties in motivating other people to do a healthy lifestyle due to a lack of villager trust to them. NCD’s prevention model also hadn't implemented by following the bottom-up principles in community development. The initiative of this model hadn't come from the community itself. As a conclusion, NCD’s prevention model must consider the social context to achieve healthy lifestyle changes in the community. A holistic and integrated approach can be utilized to improve the design of NCD’s prevention model.
Copyright (c) 2020 Sri Handayani, Diyan Ermawan Effendi
WHEN VIOLENCE MANUFACTURES MORE VIOLENCE: MAPPING THE EXPERIENCES OF WOMEN SURVIVORS OF INTERPERSONAL-VIOLENCE FROM URBAN INDIA
Based on research using in-depth interviews with four women survivors of interpersonal violence from urban India, this study attempts to understand three key aspects of interpersonal violence against women. The first objective is to understand how survivors define and interpret the meaning of the term ‘violence’. The second objective is to locate the question of gender into the study of interpersonal violence in India. The final objective is to analyse how institutions around survivors that are posited as being a refuge for them respond to their experience of violence. The findings of the study point to a dismal reality wherein the aforementioned institutions don’t only prove ineffective in helping the survivor cope with their experience of violence, but also inflict more violence upon them due to the existing norm of patriarchal social culture.
PARENTAL BONDING TOWARDS CHILDREN AND ITS AFFECT ON CHILDREN’S SELF-ESTEEM AND SELF-EFFICACY
The study intended to study the relationship between parental bonding and its effect on children’s self-esteem and self-efficacy in both girls and boys. To conduct the study a sample of 100 boys and 100 girls from different schools through convenience sampling. The Parental Bonding Scale, Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale and General Self Efficacy scale were used in the research. This research highlights the impact of parental bonding on the self-esteem and self-efficacy of children. It shows that there exists significant effect of parental bonding on self-efficacy, but it does not have a significant effect on self-esteem. Boys reported slightly higher self-esteem than girls, but there is no difference between boys and girls on self-efficacy. Our research also reported that boys have a slightly higher parental bonding than females. Among the demographic variables, family structure was found to be non-significant to predict self-esteem and self-efficacy. The study also confirms that parental bonding is significantly related to age. These findings confirmed the need of considering multidimensional aspects of parental bonding and the different perspective in explaining the parental impacts on children self-efficacy and self-esteem.
OPPRESSION ON THE BIRHOR TRIBE IN JHARKHAND, INDIA: A CASE STUDY
Oppression is, by far, not a new phenomenon. Since times immemorial there have been stories of oppression, told and retold. The oppressed tell the stories from their perspective, where they are the downtrodden and exploited. The oppressors, on the other hand, glorify their actions as powerful and the way the oppressed were meant to serve them. No matter what the perspective, no matter what the time, one sector showing its power over another has been a common occurrence. This paper is an attempt to outline this never changing and everlasting occurrence of oppression. The paper covers a present day incident of oppression on a scheduled tribe in the state of Jharkhand, India, called the Birhor Tribe. The paper looks at the conditions of the tribal people, their oppression by authorities and people in power and their day to day struggle. The paper finally tries to explain the current form in which oppression occurs with the help of established psychological theories.
THE ROLE OF UNIVERSITIES IN SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT: TOWARDS A KNOWLEDGE INTERMEDIATION MODEL OF UNIVERSITY COMMUNITY OUTREACH PROGRAMS
This paper argues for recognition of the important role universities can play to promote timely, efficient and effective policy design and implementation to address the development challenges facing less developed countries like Uganda. It calls for the establishment of community-University Public Partnerships (CUPPs) for knowledge management for development through collective learning for development. CUPPs can be operationalized through University-Community-Outreach Programs (UCOPs), facilitated by governments and their development partners. The major reason is to enhance the capacity and effectiveness of service delivery partnerships. Figs 1 and 2 articulate conceptual frameworks for understanding the development role of universities as knowledge intermediaries for accelerated, sustainable rural transformation. The model emphasizes the benefits of knowledge management for sustainable development and crisis/ disaster management. CUPPs would reduce the incidence and consequences of institutional and policy failures and generate endogenous knowledge for inclusive economic growth and sustainable human development. Outcomes would include; citizen’s empowerment, improved governance systems and policy effectiveness can Universities show the way forward by putting seed capital in UCOPs and lobbying for external supports
community-University-public partnerships
FACTORS AFFECTING THE CAREER DEVELOPMENT OF STAFF IN THE BANKING SECTOR: A CASE STUDY OF A PRIVATE BANK OF SRI LANKA
Sri Lankan banking industry is playing a major role in the Sri Lankan economy and the perception to get a banking employment is so high in Sri Lankan mind sets due to its’ prestigious social status within the country. However, after getting involved in to the employment as a “Banking assistant” there are several aspects a banking employees’ life cycle would affect due to the highly competitive Sri Lankan banking sector. This study is an attempt to investigate the career development of staff in the private banking sector of Sri Lanka. A case study approach has been selected based on a Sri Lankan leading private sector bank which consisted 159 branch network all over the island. The main aim of this study is to determine the significant factors which effect the career development of employees in XYZ banking Plc. Seven independent variables namely; Training, Organizational goals, Career education, empowerment, individual attitudes, individual career mapping, self-appraisal were selected from main two areas such as Organizational Career planning and Individual career planning to determine the relationships with employee career development. Results were produced by 93 respondents out of 158 sample size. Study results revealed Training, Organizational Goals, Career Education, Empowerment and self-appraisal are significant factors for the career development. Moreover, results showed that Training, Career mapping, Individual attitudes have significant differences between groups in terms of “Gender” and Training, Organizational Goals, career education, Empowerment, Individual attitudes, Career Mapping, Self-appraisal have a significant difference between groups in terms of “Age”.
AN EXAMINATION OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY PROFILE IN LIMPOPO, SOUTH AFRICA: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE USE OF CBMS GENERATED DATA FOR INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLANNING.
This study sought to establish the status of multidimensional poverty in Tzaneen Local Municipality in South Africa by using community-based system (CBMS). The objective was to profile multidimensional poverty on basic services and assess the usability of the generated data by local municipalities for Integrated development planning. Consultative, capacity building and CBMS design approach was adopted in the study. Administered household profile questionnaire was used on 1534 households. Indicators for poverty measurements were generated in partnership with Local municipality and aligned to Statistics South Africa. Data was captured using excel software and imported to CSPro6.3 software for creation of data dictionary and database. Data analysis was done using predetermined indicators and formulas. CBMS-NRDB software was used to generate poverty maps. Community validation approach was used to authenticate study findings. We conclude that CBMS generated multidimensional poverty data and maps can be used for formulating effective Integrated development plans and regular progress monitoring. The information can further be used to assess poverty policy implications at local levels. We recommend that Local municipality use CBMS generated data as a baseline for Integrated development planning and to compliment other national poverty surveys data.
AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF FACTORS AFFECTING STUDENT SATISFACTION: A CASE STUDY OF A SRI LANKAN PRIVATE HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITIUTE
Satisfying customer need is a key to obtain sustainable competitive advantage in the business world. Due to high competitiveness in Sri Lankan private higher education industry “Student Satisfaction” is a crucial success factor for institutes to remain in the industry. Therefore there is a growing need to understand factors that affect satisfaction of students of private sector higher educational institutes. This study empirically examines factors affecting student satisfaction of Business Management undergraduates’ of a leading Sri Lankan private higher educational institute. Previous research done under various environments has recommended a variety of factors affecting user satisfaction. This study developed a model which adopted recognition of the programme, quality of the teaching and academic administration from HEDPERF model of Firdaus (2005) with two other dimensions facilities and skill match taken from other studies. The study was conducted in correlation with UN Sustainable Development Agenda – 2030 (Aim No-4 <<The High Quality of Education). A survey questionnaire was conducted to investigate the critical factors affecting student’s satisfaction. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS. The data analysis categorized under two main statistical techniques such as, “Descriptive Statistics” & “Inferential Statistics”. The relationship between all the five independent variables and overall student satisfactions were tested using bivariate analysis. Further this study also tries to answer if there any differences in perception of satisfaction in terms demographic variables such as gender and level of study semester. The results highlighted that recognition of the programme and academic administration are the critical factors affecting overall student satisfaction. The results also showed that there were no differences in perception in terms of gender and level of study semester.
GENDER AS A MODERATOR OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POSITIVE AFFECT AND LIFE SATISFACTION
Experience of positive affect may help individuals to enhance psychological growth and well-being. This study examined the effect of positive affect on purpose in life and life satisfaction. Also, we intended to examine the moderating effect of gender on the link between positive affect and purpose in life and the link between positive affect and life satisfaction. The sample consisted of 200 participants (76 females and 124 males) and they responded to a questionnaire assessing positive affect, purpose in life and life satisfaction. Positive affect significantly predicted purpose in life and life satisfaction. There was a significant gender difference in purpose in life, that is, women rated higher on purpose in life than men. Further, the interaction between positive affect and gender was significant, indicating that the effect of positive affect on life satisfaction was moderated by gender.